I'd like to be able to add a article list to a page, but remove the name of the content group and/or the content and/or title and/or author and/or timestamp of an article.  Is it possible to change what items of a article an article list will show?

Customizing the look of article list block will be a new feature request. Would you please create a new thead in Suggestions and Feedback forum? We will get this item scheduled. 

Article list block shows all the articles in a content group. One easy solution is to create sub content group and move all the articles to that sub content group. Change the article list block to show just the sub content group.